Periods 1+2 John Locke paraphrased

Sect. 87: There are "natural laws" which lead men to conduct themselves in a reasonable manner, but community laws are required to protect men from those who do not follow the natural laws.

Sect. 88: Men must decide the community laws amongst themselves and decide what the punishments will be, and they must have a force to enforce these laws to protect its people in times of war and peace; the best way to establish these things is to have different branches which people are assigned to.

Sect. 89: In a society, natural laws are overpowered by the laws the men have created, and the men must assign those to judge others who have broken those laws.

Sec. 95 The only way that someone can give up their natural freedom and independence is by agreeing to form a community for their safe, secure, and comfortable living. 

Sec. 96 Once a community is formed, the act of the majority passes for the act of the whole. 

Sec. 97 If those in the minority don't consent with the majority ruling they still need to follow the ruling in order for the community to still function as a whole.  

Sections 123-126 In order to create a society without chaos man must give up his freedoms for the greater good and the "preservation of their lives, liberties and estates". For a society to work an overall consensus needs to be established about the known law and standard of right and wrong. A fair justice system must have a judge and executioner that are indifferent without personal involvement. In order to assure that citizens make right their injustices the forced punishment is established and can only become worse is failed to obey.

Section 127-131 It is in human nature to live in society, and protect their property, thus the laws of government are established to satisfy both needs. Man has two powers in nature; they are to protect themselves and punish others. People will do anything to protect themselves, but must give up this right to live in society. Man must give up his right to punish because of the formation of government, and he must assist the government however possible. Even though rights are given up in the process, the formation of government is for the common good and will benefit all.

 

Sec 132: It is the community's responsibility to create their own form of government and alter it as needed.

 

Sec 133: John Locke defines common-wealth as any independent community, not a government.

Sections 134/135   There have to be laws for the sake of protecting society, but they must be assigned by a legislative power and consented by the people.  The legislative power should be the supreme power of the common-wealth, however it is not and cannot be an absolute power and cannot destroy, enslave, or impoverish its subjects.

Sections 136-138 Mankind must have Standing laws to maintain order and justice. These laws must be just and not be used to the advantage of the ruler. The freedom of property and the decision of what to do with people's property should not be taken away.

Sect. 199-202 1. Tyranny is the presence and use of power over a people for not the gain of those people but for ones own purposes.
2. The lawful king accepts the people as both his greatest weakness and his greatest source of happiness, while a tyrant thinks if the people merely as a means by which to procure wealth, power, and satisfaction.
3. Tyranny is not limited to a monarchy as anyone who obtains power becomes a tyrant when he uses his position to oppress or suppress the people.
4. When a person of power uses his authority to harm or oppress another, he is acting outside the power given to him by law, ceases to be a person of authority and can be challenged.