AP Lit Terms
AP Lit Terms
For each of your eight terms, provide 1) the term, 2) the category of literature it concerns, 3) a formal definition, 4) a vernacular definition, 5) an original created example 6) a literary example with excerpt from a text.
For example:
1. tragic flaw (also called hamartia)
2. character description
3. the character flaw or error of a tragic hero that leads to his downfall
4. a mistake which leads to destruction – often vanity, arrogance, ignorance
5. The student’s desire to always be correct and know the total truth eliminated the ability to embrace the unknown which surrounds daily life. Rather than celebrating the spontaneity of life, the student became obsessive compulsive trying to control it.
6. From The Turn of the Screw by Henry James: “I dare say I fancied myself in short a remarkable young woman and took comfort in the faith that this would more publicly appear. Well, I needed to be remarkable. . .” (19). The Governess’ irrational pressure upon herself to be a heroine (as in the novels she voraciously consumed) stopped from her seeking additional help from outside sources. This hero complex character flaw leads her into a situation which leads to her downfall as governess (though apparently she was able to obtain other employment later).
Additional example: Oedipus strove for knowledge, although this quest led to his own downfall as the truth revealed his own guilt at killing his father and sleeping with his mother. He couldn’t leave well enough alone.
Timeline:
March 19: Distribute assignment
April 7: Present in class – goal is to instruct.
April 8: Due on blog apeg.blogspot.com
posted by erdecker @ 9:07 AM
25 comments
25 Comments:
1. Situational Irony
Suspense or mystery
An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does.
You think somthing is going to happen and then something else happens.
The cute little kitten walks out into the bright, sun-shiny day; and then it is eaten alive by an eagle.
"Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath,
Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty:
Thou art not conquer'd; beauty's ensign yet
Is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks,
And death's pale flag is not advanced there."
2. Soliloquy
Drama
An utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself or herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present.
Someone talks to themselves.
I'm talking to myself.
“To be or not to be.”
3. Spenserian Sonnet
Poetry/Drama
A sonnet employing the rhyme scheme abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee.
ABAB BCBC CDCD EE
I don't like iambic pentameter.
Because it always makes me think too hard.
Now I have to rhyme with pentameter.
And now I have to rhyme with that word "hard".
This is two times now that I rhyme with hard.
I finally get to switch it up now.
But now I am back to that great word "hard".
I ask now, will I ever take a bow?
The answer is no because I am barred.
Hard is now gone but I still have two cows.
In Soviet Russia, you're had by two cows.
Did I really use Russian Reversal?
Yes, I did, but that does not solve two cows.
I do wonder what rhymes with reversal.
I now know what rhymes with reversal: all.
Luckily, I am almost done with these stupid rhymes.
I'm running out of words to rhyme. You're tall.
Mussolini made the trains run on thyme.
These are the last rhymes I have to make. Yay!
This is the very last rhyme I have. Yay!
"Of this World's theatre in which we stay,
My love like the Spectator idly sits,
Beholding me, that all the pageants play,
Disguising diversely my troubled wits.
Sometimes I joy when glad occasion fits,
And mask in mirth like to a Comedy;
Soon after when my joy to sorrow flits,
I wail and make my woes a Tragedy.
Yet she, beholding me with constant eye,
Delights not in my mirth nor rues my smart;
But when I laugh, she mocks: and when I cry
She laughs and hardens evermore her heart.
What then can move her? If nor mirth nor moan,
She is no woman, but a senseless stone."
4. Spondee
Drama
A foot of two syllables, both of which are long in quantitative meter or stressed in accentual meter.
Two equally stressed syllables.
Hooray!
"White founts falling in the courts of the sun
And the Soldan of Byzantium is smiling as they run."
5. Spoonerism
Drama
The transposition of initial or other sounds of words, usually by accident.
Mixing up words.
I hate you vs. I eight you.
“May I show you to another seat?” vs. “May I sew you to another sheet?”
6. Structure
Everything
The relationship or organization of the component parts
How everything goes together.
This post is an example.
James Bond stories; not really sure how quotes are going to help prove structure.
7. Static
Characters
Showing little or no change.
Character doesn't change.
I felt no emotion the entire time.
Again, not really sure how one quote is going to prove anything but Commedia Dell'Arte is a good example.
8. Style
The writing itself
The mode of expressing thought in writing or speaking by selecting and arranging words, considered with respect to clearness, effectiveness, euphony, or the like, that is characteristic of a group, period, person, personality, etc.
How the author writes.
This post is an example of my style.
"News from Verona!--How now, Balthasar!
Dost thou not bring me letters from the friar?
How doth my lady? Is my father well?
How fares my Juliet? that I ask again;
For nothing can be ill, if she be well."
1. Acts
2. Plays and operas
3. One of the major divisions of a play or opera
4. How the story gets split up
5. Most plays will have at least two acts in order to split up the story, each act usually also contains scenes
6. Hamlet by William Shakespeare is divided up into five acts.
1. Allegory
2. Symbolism
3. A representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another.
4. Using an example from everyday life to represent something abstract
5. The Idea of love is like a garden. It is beautiful and continues to grow as long as you take care of it. When one begins to neglect love, the flowers begin to die
6. "And now, I said, let me show in a figure how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened: Behold! human beings living in an underground cave, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the cave; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turning round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will see, if you look, a low wall built along the way, like the screen which marionette players have in front of them, over which they show the puppets. . . . And now look again, and see what will naturally follow if the prisoners are released and disabused of their error. At first, when any of them is liberated and compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round and walk and look towards the light, he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distress him, and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen the shadows; and then conceive some one saying to him, that what he saw before was an illusion, but that now, when he is approaching nearer to being and his eye is turned towards more real existence, he has a clearer vision."
(Plato, from Book Seven of The Republic, "Allegory of the Cave")
1. Alliteration
2. Word Choice
3. The repetition of beginning sounds in neighboring words
4. When many words in a row start with the same sounds
5. Sarah salamander slowly slithers through sand and soot
6. Don't delay dawns disarming display .
Dusk demands daylight .
Dewdrops dwell delicately
drawing dazzling delight .
Dewdrops dilute daisies domain.
Distinguished debutantes . Diamonds defray delivered
daylights distilled daisy dance .
(Dewdrops Dancing Down Daisies by Paul McCann)
1. Allusion
2. Figure of speech
3. A figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication
4. Referencing something else
5. My life seems to be like the descent into the underworld while looking into the eyes of Hades
6. The Joad family can be directly compared to the eighteenth book of the Old Testament, Job. The biblical story makes an example of people whose faith is tested through struggle. Satan visits God and God asks him, 'Have you seen my servant Job? He is the finest man in all the earth - a man of complete integrity. He fears God and has nothing to do with evil.' (Job 1:8). God permits Satan to test Job in any way, without harming him physically. So, after losing all his material processions and family, Job remains strong in his faith, although struggles and wrestles with such dramatic changes in his life. We observe a similar situation with the Joad family who experience drastic changes just like Job, where the once affluent, once secure family, survive off their human spirit.
(The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck)
1. Analogy
2. Figure of speech
3. A similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based
4. Comparing two things without like or as
5. The Grinch’s heart was a black hole
6. “My mother is a fish” (As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner)
1. Anapest
2. Poetry Form
3. In classical quantitative meters it consists of two short syllables followed by a long one
in accentual stress meters it consists of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable
4. A line with two short syllables and one long one
5. I am through doing this with out you
6. I am out of humanity's reach
I must finish my journey alone
("Verses Supposed to be Written by Alexander Selkirk" by William Cowper)
1. Antagonist
2. Character Description
3. A person, or a group of people who oppose the main character, or the main characters
4. The opposing characters who help create conflict
5. Although Marie was Amanda’s best friend, she disagreed with her on this issue, she had become her antagonist
6. Ethan Frome saw his wife as an antagonist. “His wife had never shown jealousy of Mattie, but of late she had grumbled increasingly over the house-work and found oblique ways of attracting attention to the girl’s inefficiency.”
(Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton)
1. Antihero
2. Character Description
3. Is a protagonist whose character or goals are antithetical to traditional heroism
4. The main character who is the “bad guy”
5. As I watched nearby as the mother rabbit left the nest, I thought to myself, a sack. So I devoured the baby bunnies before their mother returned, what a good fox I am
6. In Ethan Frome when he decides he wants to leave his wife. “You can’t go, Matt! I won’t let you! She’s always had her way, but I mean to have mine now”
(Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton)
Sarah Anderson
Here are my lit. terms. Hopefully they all make sense, but if they don't I shouldn't be held responsible because I'm on morphine and I've eaten nothing but ice chips for three days - just throwing that out there :) Hopefully I'll be back in school soon!
1. Literary ballad
2. Style of writing
3. A literary ballad is a written composition by a single poet, who deliberately chooses the
sorts of themes found in folk ballads and imitates their form.
4. A style of writing where the author imitates the sing-song style of a folk ballad.
5.The greatest gift I ever received
was given by a strange fellow
He sat outside the bookstore
and played his little cello
I’d never seen him stop a song
‘til he looked me up and down
He handed me a package
his face marked with a frown
6. Dudley Randall’s Ballad of Birmingham is a literary ballad. The style of the piece can be identified through its song-like cadence. The first three stanzas are…
"Mother dear, may I go downtown
Instead of out to play,
And march the streets of Birmingham
In a Freedom March today?"
"No, baby, no, you may not go,
For the dogs are fierce and wild,
And clubs and hoses, guns and
jails
Aren't good for a little child."
"But, mother, I won't be alone.
Other children will go with me,
And march the streets of Birmingham
To make our country free."
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1. Litotes
2. Figure of Speech
3. A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.
4. Describing something as not its opposite, usually to understate it.
5. The man was not a terrible golf player.
At least the Thanksgiving dinner was not completely ruined.
For the millionaire, the bill was no big deal.
6. In The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger uses litotes to undermine the severity of a tumor. By saying, “it isn’t very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain," Salinger is portraying the tumor as less serious than if he had just written ‘I have a brain tumor.’
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1. Limited Omniscient Point of View
2. Point of View
3. A narrative mode in which the text is written in the third person and the reader experiences the story through the senses and thoughts of just one character.
4. A story, written in third person, where the reader is stuck in one character’s mind.
5. The dog lay on the rug hungrily consuming its bone, wondering when the squirrel would emerge from its hiding place. He absolutely hated it when the squirrel retreated into the hole in the tree, and left him with no entertainment. Deciding to stop the boredom, the dog leaped from his resting place and sprinted toward the squirrel’s wooden fortress.
6. Henry James’ novella The Turn of the Screw is written in the limited omniscient point of view. The reader is only able to see the events through the governess’ mind. James’ use of this point of view has an effective impact because the audience is unable to decipher whether the governess’ ghostly encounters are all too real or the visions of a crazy woman. The point of view is easily interpreted because the readers know the thoughts of the governess and no one else. The governess’ feelings are expressed throughout the book, as in “I felt sick as I made it out,” proving that the novella is written from her mind.
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1. Loose sentence
2. Sentence structure
3. A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.
4. A sentence with the main point at the beginning and details at the end.
5. I bought the shirt from Old Navy, because it fit well and I had enough money.
The dog got sick from all of the chocolate and pizza it had stolen from its inattentive owner.
6. In Duma Key, Stephen King uses loose sentences to draw attention to the main idea. Throughout the book, Stephen emphasizes the main point by placing it first. Loose sentences, such as, “I was tired, I didn’t want to do anything more today but sit and stare at the Gulf,” stress the vital information.
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1. Low burlesque
2. Type of satire
3. an artistic composition, that, for the sake of laughter, vulgarizes lofty material
4. Treating a serious matter in a trivial manner for satirical effect
5. The day ahead would be torture for the girl. Her enemy was lurking, waiting for the perfect opportunity to strip her of all dignity. Only wanting to ruin her life, he would pop out when she least expected it. The pimple was ready to emerge and wreak havoc.
6. The Rape of the Lock, by Alexander Pope, uses low burlesque to satirize through a mock epic. The epic is about a young girl who absolutely adores her curly hair, and the baron who’s fixation is to make the curls his. The trivial story is written in a style befitting a grand epic. The low burlesque of the story is apparent in lines such as…
“But when to mischief mortals bend their will
How soon they find fit instruments of ill!
Just then, Clarissa drew with tempting grace
A two-edged weapon from her shining case:
So ladies in romance assist their knight,
Present the spear, and arm him for the fight.”
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1. Lyric poem
2. Type of poem
3. A usually short poem that expresses personal feelings, which may or may not be set to music.
4. A short, songlike poem.
5.I never thought I could achieve
Something that the world would see
A worthwhile use of my dismal life
But now I see what I will be
6. Emily Dickinson’s poem, “Dying,” is a lyric poem because it only refers to feelings, it does not tell a story with characters and actions. It also has a songlike quality.
"I heard a fly buzz when I died;
The stillness round my form
Was like the stillness in the air
Between the heaves of storm."
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1. Malapropism
2. Term of mis-speech
3. Absurd or humorous misuse of a word, especially by confusion with one of similar sound
4. Misusing a similar word in place of the right one
5. The toddler sneezed in his mom’s face and injected her with his cold.
The man was very extinguished, having countless accomplishments and honors to his name.
6. Barbara Kingsolver, in The Poisonwood Bible, refers to the Christian “system of marriage called monotony.” This is a malapropism because she switches the correct word, monogamy, for the similar and humorous word, monotony.
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1. Meditative poem
2. Type of poem
3. A poem which tries to open a conversation with God to find guidance. It represents an inner conflict or process that may or may not reach resolution.
4. A poem trying to find guidance through spirituality.
5. Is there a place for me in this monotonous world?
Have I a purpose, a destiny to fulfill?
Or am I just another countless face
That comes and goes without impact
Will You help me find my way?
The point of my droning life
Help me make myself
The man I am to be.
6. The Doubter's Prayer, by Anne Bronte, is a meditative poem. In the poem, a person tries to find guidance by praying to God. The person conflicted as to whether God exists or not. In the poem, it is begged of God that He help the doubter to believe. Three stanzas of the poem show the doubter’s conflict and wish for resolution.
"What shall I do, if all my love,
My hopes, my toil, are cast away,
And if there be no God above,
To hear and bless me when I pray?
If this be vain delusion all,
If death be an eternal sleep,
And none can hear my secret call,
Or see the silent tears I weep!
Oh, help me, God! For thou alone
Canst my distracted soul relieve;
Forsake it not: it is thine own,
Though weak, yet longing to believe."
[[STEPHEN HANDLON]]
DYNAMIC
1) Dynamic
2) Characterization
3) Character who changes/grows
4)Round character
5) People are dynamic
6) Ginny in A Thousand Acres is a dynamic character because she changes and grows throughout the novel
EPIC
1) Epic
2) Poetry
3) constituting or having to do with or suggestive of a literary epic; "epic tradition"
4) long, narrative poem
5) "Men are so quick to blame the gods: they say that we devise their misery. But they themselves - in their depravity - design grief greater than the griefs that fate assigns" - (Zeus speaking in one of Homer's epics)
EPISODIA
1) Episodia
2) Style/Technique
3) The Greek word for episode. EPISODE: a brief section of a literary or dramatic work that forms part of a connected series
4) Scenes where the action takes place
5) Usually, an episode of a sitcom is a half hour with commercials
"Now of such instances are the tales called "A Thousand Nights and a Night," together with their far famed legends and wonders" >> This excerpt is from a chapter in The Arabian Nights called The Story of King Shahryar And His Brother. This chapter introduces the premise of the story as a framework for the entire work, which is a series of stories within stories.
Each story is an episode
EXPLICIT
1) Explicit
2) Theme
3) precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable; leaving nothing to implication
4) Clearly said
5) If your date says “would you like to go out again?” after a horrible date you could say
Explicit: “No, I had a horrible time.”
EXPOSITION
1) Exposition
2) Section of work (commonly novels, plays)
3) an account that sets forth the meaning or intent of a writing or discourse
4) Background information
5) In the movie E.T., the exposition introduces the audience to the family life and the alien who “just wants to phone home”
EXODUS
1) Exodus
2) Plot
3) journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment
4) Move caused by conflict
5) I believe that the Great Migration, where millions of African Americans moved from the South to the Urban North, could be categorized as an exodus
Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt in the Bible is another example
FARCE
1) Farce
2) Genre
3) a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations
5) “I do not approve of anything that tampers with natural ignorance. Ignorance is like a delicate exotic fruit; touch it and the bloom is gone. The whole theory of modern education is radically unsound. Fortunately in England, at any rate, education produces no effect whatsoever" - Lady Bracknell from Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being ErnestOscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Ernest" is a good example of farce in which the characters are stereotypical English upper-class through which Wilde made fun of the elite.
Orchestra-
2. Theatre
3. In a theater or concert hall, its the semicircular space in front of and below the stage used by the chorus in ancient Greek theaters.
4. The area in front of the stage used for the musicians in theatre.
5. The pit in front of the JM theatre stage.
6. Comedy, music, the ballet, dancing.
-Prologue, Moliére
Oxymoron-
2. descriptive technique
3. Contradictory terms are conjoined so as to give point to the statement or expression; the word itself is an illustration of the thing.
4. Opposite or contradictory ideas or terms are combined.
5. All that welcomed the girl as she walked into the room was a deafening silence.
6."O brawling love! O loving hate!
O heavy lightness! serious vanity!
Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms!
Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!
Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!
This love feel I, that feel no love in this."
(William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet)
Paradox-
2. descriptive technique
3. A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
4. A statement contrary to received opinion.
5. The sun is shining outside, but I don’t believe that it is.
6.“ In a race, the quickest runner can never overtake the slowest, since the pursuer must first reach the point whence the pursued started, so that the slower must always hold a lead. ” —Aristotle, Physics VI:9, 239b15
Parallelism-
2. Structure
3. The use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses or phrases.
4. Likeness, correspondence, or similarity in aspect, course, or tendency.
5. He likes rich desserts, fast games, and difficult riddles.
6. “At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.”
- Judges 5:27
Parodos-
2. Style
3. (in ancient Greek drama) An ode sung by the chorus at their entrance, usually beginning the play and preceding the prologue in comedy or the alteration of episode and stasimon in tragedy.
4. The chorus in Greek drama.
5. I heard a sound, I heard a cry
of the unhappy children, yet
old enough, but still
they cry from inside, behind
that door which will never open.
6. Sweet-voiced daughter of Zeus from thy gold-paved Pythian shrine
Wafted to Thebes divine,
What dost thou bring me? My soul is racked and shivers with fear.
(Healer of Delos, hear!)
Hast thou some pain unknown before, Or with the circling years renewest a penance of yore? Offspring of golden Hope, thou voice immortal, O tell me.
-Oedipus The King , Str. 1, By:Sophocles
Parody-
2. Genre
3. A literary work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule.
4. Imitating the style of an author in order to make fun of.
5. Two roads diverged under the yellow sun
We’re sorry to have traveled both
Being travelers, not long could we stand
To see how far down the paths goeth.
6. The Peer now spreads the glittering Forfex wide,
T' inclose the Lock; now joins it, to divide.
Ev'n then, before the fatal Engine clos'd,
A wretched Sylph too fondly interpos'd;
Fate urged the Sheers, and cut the Sylph in twain,
(But Airy Substance soon unites again)
The meeting Points the sacred Hair dissever
From the fair Head, for ever and for ever!
— (Pope- Rape of the Lock, Canto III )
Pastoral-
2. Style
3. A literary or other artistic work that portrays or evokes rural life, usually in an idealized way.
4. Romantic image of nature in a simple time.
5. The sheep and their shepherds rove the lands of green and gold. Their gentle calls awaken the feathered friends who take flight through the skies.
6. Come live with me, and be my love;
And we will all the pleasures prove
That hills and valleys, dales and fields,
Woods or steepy mountain yields.
- “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,” by Christopher Marlowe (first stanza)
Pathos-
2. Rhetoric
3. The quality or power in an actual life experience or in literature, music, speech, or other forms of expression, of evoking a feeling of pity or compassion.
4. Feelings of sympathy or pity aroused by a literary work.
5. The young boy didn't make it very far from where his father had abandoned him, he was covered with dirt and grime, but he couldn't walk much farther for the cold had frozen his feet to the point now that it hurt to take each step.
6."But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period--I am addressing myself to the School--surely from this period of ten months, this is the lesson: Never give in. Never give in. Never, never, never, never--in nothing, great or small, large or petty--never give in, except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force. Never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our School history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated. Very different is the mood today. Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these Islands, though we ourselves never doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer."
(Winston Churchill, "To the Boys of Harrow School,")
1. Hamartia (also called tragic flaw)
2. Character Description
3. Error, failure, or false step that leads the protagonist in a tragedy to his or her downfall.
4. The injury or mistake which leads to collapse often because of ignorance.
5. The store manager always wanted to know what everybody else was doing and to make sure that everyone was in line that he became oblivious as to what he needed to be doing. This then lead to poor management and then the closing of the store.
6. In the Greek tragedy of Antigone she has been presented with the order from her uncle not to bury her brother. Creon then creates this flaw when he orders his men to bury Polynices before releasing Antigone, which then leads to Antigone’s death.
1. Heroic Couplets
2. Writing style/ Writing structure
3. A stanza consisting of two rhyming lines in iambic pentameter and written in an elevated style.
4. A writing style in which the writer takes a stanza and has two rhyming lines. (Iambic pentameter)
5. I don’t know what I want to say to you
And so I’ll walk away and bid adieu.
6. Alexander Pope An Essay on Man
“Say first, of God above, or man below
What can we reason, but from what we know?”
1. High Burlesque
2. Satirical device
3. Form of satire which takes a subject matter that is generally regarded as lowly or immaterial and treats it in a literary or elevated manner.
4. Treats a trivial subject in an elevated and serious manner.
5. This wonderful nation needs to do something about the variety in the backyard fences. So many have changed from the small white, to the colorfully tall secluded ones. We need to make the change America back to the white picketed fences! (And stay away from the chain linked)
6. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope mocks the traditions of classical epics. The story takes upon all the same characteristics of an epic but with trivial subjects. Belinda takes upon a voyage and gets ready for battle (by putting on make up and petticoats). Finally at the end Belinda gets her lock cut off in the battle and it rises into the sky to live forever like the gods.
1. History Play
2. Type of play or performance
3. Play with a theme from history that often holds up the past as a lesson for the present.
4. A play giving a lesson from past happenings.
5. A newly discovered play was just presented to the public called “war” where the nation is quickly drawn into a war that could have easily been prevented by simple precautions. This play teaches of the history of a nation living through conflict.
6. Shakespeare takes many of his plays from the past events. His play “Macbeth” is based on a Scottish king and also “King Lear” fits that category.
1. Hubris
2. Character Description
3. Term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, superciliousness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or nemesis.
4. Overbearing pride or presumption
5. The man on the corner house was so worried about how his front lawn looked and took so much pride in it that he had forgotten about what was going on in his own back yard. The yard was burnt and broken and weeds growing at every sight.
6. In the Iliad by Homer hubris is present in Achilles and his treatment of Hector’s corpse. After dragging Hector’s body from a chariot he finally gave up the body only to realize that his own death would soon follow.
1. Hyperbole
2. Figure of Speech/ Rhetorical Device
3. An obvious and intentional exaggeration
4. Exaggeration used for emphasis of effect
5. I could eat a horse right now.
I waited here forever for you.
6. Shakespeare Macbeth
“Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No. This my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine. Making the green one red.”
1. Hypotactic Sentence
2. Writing Style
3. Contains phrases or clauses arranged in dependent or subordinate relationships.
4. Connecting words between clauses or sentences.
5. I am tired because it is hot.
6. In the novel Ethan Frome, Ethan lies to his wife and says that he has to stay in the town to collect the money because he wants to stay at the house with Mattie Silver.
1. Iamb
2. Poetical writing style
3. A metrical foot consisting of one short syllable followed by one long syllable.
4. One stressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.
5. Come live with me and b e my love tonight.
6. John Keats Ode to Autumn
“To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells.”
AP Literature Terms
1. Conceit
2. Content, style?
3. An elaborate or unusual comparison – may include unlikely metaphors, simile, hyperbole
4. A metaphor stretched to the limit, exaggeration
5. John liked to compare marrying his wife to winning 200 millions of dollars in the lottery by buying only one ticket
6. Shakespeare’s “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is a hyperbolic comparison
1. Conflict
2. Plot of a story
3. The opposition between the protagonist and antagonist. Can be internal or external
4. The fight or struggle between the good guy and the bad guy or an opposing force
5. The main character in a story fights for honesty, while another character advocates lying when it’s needed or just lying for the fun of it
6. From Flowers For Algernon pg. 136: “Nothing in our mind is ever really gone. The operation had covered him over with a veneer of education and culture, but emotionally he was there – watching and waiting”. Conflict between his new intelligence and the mental retardation that is coming back
1. Connotation
2. Diction
3. The extra tinge or taint or meaning each word carries beyond the minimal, strict definition found in the dictionary
4. The emotion, feeling, or hidden meaning that a word has associated with it
5. The hidden connotation in his choice “farewell” made her more wary than if he had just said “see ya” like usual
6. Shakespeare’s “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” implies that even though it might be physically the same, a different name for a rose might bring with it different images or emotions
1. Conventions
2. Genre
3. A common feature that has become traditional or expected within a specific category of literature
4. The archetypes used by the writer while writing in a certain genre
5. It is conventional for a love story to focus on a male and female character relationship that goes through struggles and misunderstandings before the two fall in love
6. An English sonnet conventionally rhymes abab cdcd efef...
1. Dactyl
2. Meter
3. A three-syllable foot consisting of a heavy stress and two light stresses
4. A type of meter that goes: stressed – unstressed – unstressed
5. Dactylic words: strawberry, horrible, terrible, happily, quarrelling
6. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s first line of his poem “Evangeline” is in dactylic hexameter:
“This is the / forest prim - / eval. The / murmuring / pines and the / hemlocks”
1. Decorum
2. Genre
3. The requirement that individual characters, their actions, and the style of speech should be matched to each other and to the genre in which they appear
4. The types of characters and their actions have to reflect the roles they fill or the genre
5. An epic poem needs great characters using poetic and elevated diction
6. Shakespeare’s use of a lowly fool in comedy shows decorum within his plays
1. Denotation
2. Diction
3. Minimal, strict definition of a word, as found in the dictionary
4. The definition of a word
5. The boy wanted to go back to his house. House means strictly its definition
6. From “The Princess Bride”:
Vizzini: He didn’t fall? Inconceivable.
Inigo Montoya: You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means
1. Deus ex machina
2. Plot in a story
3. An unrealistic or unexpected intervention to rescue the protagonists or resolve the story’s conflict
4. A spiritual or supernatural intervention to quickly and cleanly resolve the conflict
5. Romantic literature (like a 20 minute sitcom) has to have a neat, quick ending, so it uses this. E.g.: The heroes are surrounded by villains after a fight, but all of a sudden a previously nonexistent police force shows up in the nick of time
6. In H.G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds the invading Martians are neatly and conveniently wiped out by bacteria at the end
1) Subplot
2) Plot
3) a secondary or minor plot within a play or other literary work which may contrast with the principal plot, highlight it, or be unrelated. It involves characters of lesser importance than those involved in the major plot.
4) A smaller piece put into the actual story… might or might not help with the main ideas
5) A bird goes to eat a worm. On his journey, the bird sees a flower that defines his life.
6) “We picked on down the row, the woods getting closer and closer and the secret shade, picking on into the secret shade w/ my sack and Lafe’s sack…” (As I Lay Dying, Willium Faulkner, 27)
1) Symbol
2) Analysis
3) an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning
4) An ogre; something that has more layers than simply written
5) Joe’s parents have always lived vicariously through him. They tell him that he has to become a doctor. One day, Joe goes and buys a pen and keeps it a secret. He never speaks about it again until hi is 45, when he opens an old drawer and sees the life that he could have had.à The pen symbolizes Joe’s passion to become a Journalist
6) “My advice to you, my violent friend, is to seek out gold and sit on it” (Grendel, John Gardner, amazing book coupled w/ Beowulf)
1) Syntax
2) Analysis
3) the way in which linguistic elements (as words) are put together to form constituents (as phrases or clauses)
4) The use of grammar; the way things are written
5) Indicates a love for fish…
6) Oh, I'm being eaten
By a boa constrictor,
A boa constrictor,
A boa constrictor,
I'm being eaten by a boa constrictor,
And I don't like it--one bit.
Well, what do you know?
It's nibblin' my toe.
Oh, gee,
It's up to my knee.
Oh my,
It's up to my thigh.
Oh, fiddle,
It's up to my middle.
Oh, heck,
It's up to my neck.
Oh, dread,
It's upmmmmmmmmmmffffffffff . . .
(“Boa Constrictor” Shel Silverstein)
1) Telegraphic Sentence
2) Analysis
3) A telegraphic sentence is a sentence that expresses a straightforward, no-frills idea or action. Telegraphic sentences are very simple to write and read. Telegraphic sentences contain no unnecessary words. They are very easy to identify because of their lack of embellishment or superfluous components. (5)
4) Short, simple sentence
5) During Jim’s lecture, Cassie could only think of one thing. Jim knows nothing. But Cassie continued to listen. It was her way of showing that…
6) “My mother is a fish” (As I Lay Dying, William Faulkner, 84)
1) Theme
2) Basic understanding; analysis
3) The main idea or underlying meaning of a literary work
4) The main idea
5) A turtle walks through the dessert. It was hot and probably wouldn’t rain for another two weeks. Yet the boar made way for the passerby to drink out of the cactus plant. As the turtle made way toward the shore, fierce alligators clicked their teeth. It was a sign of death. Yet the bird with the sharpened stick walked with the turtle. Both creatures never spoke a word.
6) “For a minute Rose of Sharon sat still in the whispering barn. Then she hoisted her tired body up and drew the com- fort about her. She moved slowly to the corner and stood The Grapes of Wrath 619 looking down at the wasted face, into the wide, frightened eyes. Then slowly she lay down beside him. He shook his head slowly from side to side. Rose of Sharon loosened one side of the blanket and bared her breast. "You got to," she said. She squirmed closer and pulled his head close. "There!" she said. "There." Her hand moved behind his head and sup- ported it. Her fingers moved gently in his hair. She looked up and across the barn, and her lips came together and smiled mysteriously” (Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck, last page)
1) Thesis
2) Writing
3) The central idea of an essay. The thesis is a complete sentence (although sometimes it may require more than one sentence) that establishes the topic of the essay in clear, unambiguous language.
4) A sentence that gives the reader an idea of what the essay is going to address
5) We should have more snow days because they relax, refresh, and un-stress people.
6) “The institutions that function in this country are clearly racist; they’re built upon racism. The questions to be dealt with then are: how can black people inside this country move? How can white people who say they’re not part of those institutions begin to move? And how then do we begin to clear away the obstacles that we have in this society, to make us live like human beings?” (“Black Power” Stokely Carmichael).
1) Tone
2) Analysis
3) the attitude a writer takes towards a subject or character
4) Attitude
5) I do not want to eat that corn.
6) :As I lay Dying, William Faulkner
1) “It’s because he stays out there, right under the window, hammering and sawing on that goddamn box” (14)
2) “‘Ah, shut your goddamn mouth,’ Jewel says” (18)
3) “It was the sweetest thing I ever saw. It was like he knew he would nuver see her again, that Anse Bundren was driving him from his mother’s death bed, never to see her in his world again. I always said he was the only one of them that had his mother’s nature, had any natural affection. Not that Jewel, the one she labored so to bear and coddled and petted so and him flinging into tantrums or sulking spells, inventing devilment to devil her until I would have frailed him time and time. Not him to come and tell her goodbye” (21)
1) Tragedy
2) Story type
3) story that presents courageous individuals who confront powerful forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit in the face of failure, defeat, and even death. Tragedies recount an individual’s downfall; they usually begin high and end low.
4) A story where things do not turn out very good… the character has an issue and it makes him fall..
5) Once upon a time there lived a boy named AP. He though he was okay at Ultimate Frisbee. Little did he know that he was actually on the lowest quartile. One day he went to play Ultimate… he ended up chucking the Frisbee into Mike’s face, hitting Nick in the stomach, passing the Frisbee to the opposite team, and feeling as if he need to pull out his teeth… after 5 mins. He wanted to go into a hole.
6) “Let the storm burst, my fixed resolve still holds,
To learn my lineage, be it ne'er so low.
It may be she with all a woman's pride
Thinks scorn of my base parentage. But I
Who rank myself as Fortune's favorite child,
The giver of good gifts, shall not be shamed.
She is my mother and the changing moons
My brethren, and with them I wax and wane.
Thus sprung why should I fear to trace my birth?
Nothing can make me other than I am” Oedipus
Btw, when it says "AP said" it was talking about me, Apratim Sanyal...
1. Dialect
2. Character development
3. The manner or style of expressing oneself in language or the arts.
4. The words we use to communicate our feelings and emotions.
5. The people down south speak in a different dialect than that of the Minnesotans.
6. From As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner: “Ma aint that sick,” Jewel says. “Shut up, Darl.”
1. Dialogue
2. Plot development
3. Conversation between two or more persons.
4. The words spoken between two or more people.
5. The boys were able to settle their differences by talking through their thoughts, by using their dialogue
6. From As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner: “she ought to taken those cakes anyway,” Kate says. “Well,” I say, “I reckon she never had no use for them now.” “She ought to taken them,” Kate says. “But those rich town ladies can change their minds. Poof folks cant.”
1. Diction
2. Author Style
3. Style of speaking or writing as depending on choice of words.
4. The choice of words used when writing or speaking, ultimately defining the specific style.
5. When the man used the words gentle, snuggly, and warm in his speech, it gave him a kind appearance.
6. From The Lord of the Flies by William Golding: “"The green light was gentle about them and the conch lay at Ralph's feet, fragile and white. A single drop of water that had escaped Piggy's finders now flashed on the delicate curve like a star."
1. Didactic
2. Character description
3. Inclined to teach or lecture others too much.
4. An adjective describing someone as overly instructive.
5. When Mr. Decker stands at the front of the classroom all day discussing teaching as a metaphor, some people would describe him as didactic
6. From As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner: (Cora pg 166) “It is out of your vanity that you would judge sin and salvation in the Lord’s place. It is our mortal lot to suffer and to raise our voices in praise of Him who judges the sin and offers the salvation through our trials and tribulations time out of mind amen.”
1. Double Entendre
2. Literary Technique
3. A double meaning
4. When a word can be interpreted two ways, normally one way is risqué.
5. Peter Frampton is know to tell people he wants to funk them through a Mouth Box.
6. From Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen: “You look wonderfully tired!”
1. Dramatic Irony
2. Literary Technique
3. Irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play.
4. When the audience knows something important that the characters on stage don’t.
5. Little did Burs know Queenie was planning to embarrass him at the party they were about to throw, but this was revealed to the audience by song.
6. In Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter," when Hester is in the governor's garden to see to it that Pearl is not taken away from her, she asks the Reverend Dimmesdale to support her position. This is an example of dramatic irony as the reader knows that Dimmesdale and Hester are partners in sin, but the characters do not.
1. Dramatic Monologue
2. Literary Technique
3. A poetic form in which a single character, addressing a silent auditor at a critical moment, reveals himself or herself and the dramatic situation.
4. When a character in a novel or play reveals his thoughts, plans, past, or situation
5. The people froze onstage whilst one man emerged, all the while speaking about how he loved his brothers wife and had begun his plot to destroy their relationship.
6. From The Death Of The Ball Turret Gunner by Randall Jarrell
From my mother's sleep I fell into the State, And I hunched in its belly till my wet fur froze. Six miles from earth, loosed from its dream of life, I woke to black flak and the nightmare fighters. When I died they washed me out of the turret with a hose.”
1. Dramatis Personae
2. Background information
3. The characters in a play
4. A list of cast members and their characters in a play.
5. The playbill at “Spamalot” had a list of characters and the actors playing them.
6. Look at any playbill or play pamphlet.
John Dieltz
1.Pentameter
a)poetry
b)a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet
c)a line in poetry with five feet
d)I love the way he says “hurray hurrah” (iambic)
e)From Ode to a Nightingale by John Keats “My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains”
2.Periodic sentence
a)sentence structure
b)a usually complex sentence that has no subordinate or trailing elements following its principal clause
c)the main thought comes at the end of the sentence
d)Yesterday, with scratchy throat, the girl sang her solo.
e)From Ann Radcliffe's Romance of the Forest “While he was declaring the ardour of his passion in such terms, as but too often make vehemence pass for sincerity, Adeline, to whom this declaration, if honorable, was distressing, and if dishonorable, was shocking, interrupted him and thanked him for the offer of a distinction, which, with a modest, but determined air, she said she must refuse.”
3.Persuasion
a)literary form
b)a piece of literature that moves by argument, entreaty, or expostulation to a belief, position or course of action
c)a work meant to sway the reader to a specific mindset or course of action
d)…. So you must, in turn, come to see that cats really are better than dogs.
e)From The Jungle by Upton Sinclair “'How would Socialism change that?' asked the girl-student, quickly. It was the first time she had spoken. 'So long as we have wage slavery,' answered Schliemann, ' it matters not in the least how debasing and repulsive a task may be, it is easy to find people to perform it. But just as soon as labor is set free, then the prics of such work will begin to rise.'”
4.Personification
a)figure of speech
b)figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form
c)animals or ideas are given human characteristics
d)The mouse shrieked and danced nimbly through the field.
e)From James Stephen's poem “The Wind” “The wind stood up and gave a shout. He whistled on his two fingers.”
5.Point of View
a)author's most important choice haha... author's style
b)the relation in which a narrator or speaker stands to the story or subject matter
c)the vantage point the narrator uses to tell the story – interrupts how the reader views the subject matter
d)I was in all my glory. “Well, you're just a whore!!” Her face turned a sickly shade of green as my triumph set in. “Very well,” she said. --- This is the first person point of view.
e)From “As I Lay Dying” by William Faulkner's “'She ought to taken those cakes,' Kate says. I could have used the money real well.” --- this is also first person.
6.Prologue
a)literary sturcture
b)the preface or introduction to a literary work
c)the intro of a book or play
d)The story you are about to read is a tragic one. It is chalk full of treachery and villiany. (Proceed to read the story.)
e)From Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare “Two households, both alike in dignity, in fair Verona where we lay our scene....”
7.Protagonist
a)character description
b)the main character in a work of literature
c)the good guy of the story
d)Lizi was six years old when her brother hit her in the head with a baseball bat. ~ an excerpt from the biography of Lizi Shea
e)From Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton “Ethan put the candlestick in Mattie's hand and she went out of the kitchen ahead of him, the light that she carried before her making the dark hair look like a drift of mist on the moon.” ~Ethan is the main character
8.Pun
a)literary technique
b)the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications
c)a play on words
d)The sign on the nudist camp said “clothed til May.”
e)From Love's Labors Lost by William Shakespeare “No woman shall come within a mile of my court on pain of losing her tongue.” - after swearing off women from three years.
Lizi Shea
Round
2. Characterization
3. A depth of character development with many traits that may or may not be quirky.
4. A character that is not flat, has much development, is complex, and outside of stereotypical paradigms or archetypes.
5. “Muffin the cat lounged lazily in the shade wondering when his next meal was.” versus
“Muffin the cat lounged in the shade calmly and looked out over his domain. He thought of his ancestors and the power they once weld as gods, compared to his existence now as a petty and common housecat.”
6. Cora is complex and often a contradictory character; she would be called round vs. the classic “damsel in distress” like princesses from folk tales.
Sarcasm
2. Verbal Irony
3. A: Sharp and often satirical or ironic utterance designed to cut or give pain.
B: Mode of satirical wit depending for its effect on bitter, caustic, and often ironic language that is usually directed against an individual.
4. A biting and ironic statement used to mock and attack an individual, event, or idea.
5. You’re going out in that? It looks absolutely lovely on you.
6. “Thou shalt believe in Milton, Dryden, Pope;
Thou shalt not set up Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey,
Because the first is crazed beyond all hope,
The second drunk, the third so quaint and mouthy;”
-Don Juan: Canto the First by Lord Byron
Satire
2. Genera
3. A: Literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn.
B: Trenchant wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly.
4. Something written in order to bring about change by attacking and making the intended target look ridiculous in order to sway the readers opinion against it.
5. If we keep polluting the earth we might as well move to mars and make it a perminant garbage dump. (ect. ect.)
6. A Modest Proposal by Johnathan Swift is an example of satire because he is mocking Ireland for its problem with population and poverty. “It is true a child, just dropped from its dam, may be supported by her mildk for a solar year with little other nourishment, at most not above the value of two shillings, which the mother may certainly get, or the value in scraps, by her lawful occupation of beggin, and it is exactly at one year old that I propose to provide for them, in such a manner as, instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of lives, they shall, on the contrary, contribute to the feeding and partly to the clothing of many thousands.”
Scansion
2. Poetry Terms
3. The analysis of verse to show its meter.
4. The term for analyzing poetry in order to determine its rhyme scheme and rhythm.
5. The meter of a poem is shown by the stress marks above each of the words or by bolding them. Scansion is just supposed to make the rhyme scheme more obvious. Like with iamic pentameter. I-can-not-see-the-light-be-yond-the-trees.
6. "I leant upon a coppice gate when Frost was spectre grey."
"I-leant-up-on-a-cop-pice-gate-when-Frost-was-spec-tre-grey."
Scenes
2. Sequencing term
3. A: One of the subdivisions of a play; division of an act presenting continuous action in
one place.
B: The place of an occurrence or action or sphere of activity
4. Scenes are small sections of time where events or plot points are occurring. It is mostly used for describing movies and plays.
5. It’s a very specific time and event during a story. Kind of like when you tell your friends “You know, the scene where Jeff retrieves his prize for winning the spelling bee?” After a movie.
6. A scene from As I Lay Dying is when Dewey Dell does it with Lafe. ‘“what are you doing?” and he said “I am picking into your sack.” And so it was full when we came to the end of the row and I could not help it.” – 27 William Faulkner
Setting
2. Novels
3. A: the time, place, and circumstances in which something occurs or develops.
B: The time and place of the action of a literary, dramatic, or cinematic work.
4. Is the time, place, and context in which a story takes place.
5. The man walked out onto the cliff edge and looked over the green and flowing lands. The words deep north echoed in his head.
6. “The path runs straight as a plumb-line, worn smooth by feet and baked brick-hard by July, between the green rows of laidby cotton, to the cottonhouse in the center of the field, where it turns and circles the cottonhouse at four soft right angles and goes on across the field again, worn so by feet in fading precision.” – pg 3 As I Lay Dying
Shakespearean sonnet (also called an English sonnet)
2. Poetry
3. A sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a couplet with a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg
4. A poem that has four sections, three of which have 4 lines and the last having 2 lines with the previously stated rhyme scheme.
5. “AP kids don’t seem to mind,
When we sign up at first,
But soon we begin to fall behind,
And then we begin to like we’re cursed.
We gabble and babble,
Acting happy and gay,
But then everything unravels,
And we freak in disarray.
So what have we learned about AP classes?
Not to stray from the path?
Or leave without glasses?
To avoid the teacher’s wrath?
Yet we still found in the end the more time we spent,
The more we’d prepare to avoid an event.
6. “When I do count the clock that tells the time,
And see the brave day sunk in hideous night;
When I behold the violet past prime,
And sable curls, all silvered o'er with white;
When lofty trees I see barren of leaves,
Which erst from heat did canopy the herd,
And summer's green all girded up in sheaves,
Borne on the bier with white and bristly beard,
Then of thy beauty do I question make,
That thou among the wastes of time must go,
Since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake
And die as fast as they see others grow;
And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence
Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence.” - William Shakespeare
Simile
2. Imagery
3. A figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as
4. When an author compares two different things, most often by using the words like or as, in order to create imagery or an association of ideas.
5. The cat’s hair shined white in dark as if it were moonlight shining outward.
6. “The freezing wind began to whistle through the willow tree now and its movement sent swaying shadows dancing like crabbed fingers across the cave floor.” – pg 19 The Sight
1. Metaphor
2. Comparisons and descriptions techniques
3. A comparison between two or more subjects (mainly nouns) without using the words “like” or “as”
4. Making a comparison between two things
5. She gave an icy look
6. In As I Lay Dying Jewel’s eyes are described as being pale and wooded. Comparing his eyes to the color of pale wood.
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1. Metaphysical Conceit (same as conceit)
2. Comparison technique
3. An elaborate or unusual comparison- especially one using unlikely metaphors, similes, hyperboles, and contradictions
4. Comparing two very strange things that seem like they would never go together
5. Watching them dance was like watching two hippos thrashing in the water
6. In As I Lay Dying Vardaman compares his mother to a fish!
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1. Meter
2. Writing style and sentence structure
3. A recognizable though varying patter of stressed syllables alternating with syllables of less stress
4. Writing in verse uses meter- iambic pentameter (example)
5. This is one from earlier in the year: Oh Mr. Decker how are you today? I hope that on your weekend you said yay!
6. “ Twas the night before Christmas, and all through the house, not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse” The classic Christmas story Twas the Night Before Christmas
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1. Metonymy
2. Descriptive technique
3. Is the rhetorical or metaphorical substitution of a one thing for another based on their association or proximity
4. Using a word to represent something else- The Crown for the Queen (example)
5. We have to go and talk to the Crown (Queen)
6. William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar.
"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears" (Act III, scene II, lines 74-77).
“Ears” is referring to “attention”
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1. Miracle Play
2. Dramatic Genre
3. A medieval religious drama portraying events in the lives of saints and martyrs.
4. A religious drama, used to explain biblical stories
5. Christian pageants, show bible stories
6. The Bible, church bulletins, reviews of plays
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1. Mock Heroic
2. Type of Literature
3. A satirical imitation or burlesque of the heroic manner or style
4. Mock the common heroic stereotype
5. The village idiot has the best idea to save the town!
6. Rape of the Lock
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1. Monologue of the Villain
2. A monologue is an extended uninterrupted speech by a character in a drama. The villain may be speaking his or her thoughts aloud, directly addressing another character, or speaking to the audience.
3. The bad guy talking to himself, a victim, or the audience
4. As the bug tries to unstuck itself from the spider’s web it hears the whispers of the spider herself; “ don’t even try, you will never win, just stay still and let me have my fill!”
5. In the Incredibles Syndrome starts talking to Mr. Incredible while holding him captive and then he realizes that he is giving a monologue about what he wants to do with the robot and Mr. Incredible.
1. mood
2. attitude of speaker toward their literature
3. a prevailing emotional tone or general attitude
4. how the writer wants readers to feel about the subject they are writing about
5. By describing the sky as dark, rainy, and gloomy, a writer may add a negative mood to the story rather than a positive one for instance if he had rather described the sky as a blanket of comforting blackness.
6. In Ethan Frome when the writer described the winter setting (for instance the dogs who can barely breathe as they rush through the snow) he added to a depressing mood of the book by conjuring negative feelings with the description of the suffering dogs. "a part of the mute melancholy landscape, an incarnation of its frozen woe, with all that was warm and sentient in him fast bound below the surface... in a depth of moral isolation too remote for casual access" (Prologue).
1. morality play
2. vernacular drama
3. A type of theater common in medieval Europe, using allegorical characters to teach the audience moral lessons, typically of a Christian nature. The basic premise involves a character who is easy to relate to makes a journey and is influenced by characters along the way, eventually gaining some kind of personal integrity.
4. A romantic style of theatre with a simple story and stereotypical characters which teaches some sort of lesson.
5. Bob is a woodworker who spends his entire life worrying about getting a better job and being unhappy until he meets a girl who suffered much more than him and goes on a journey with her to her land of suffering. After meeting many people who have it worse off than him he becomes happier and improves the lives of his new friends. Moral is to be happy with what you have.
6. The Crucible is a morality play because the entire plot revolves around deceit and people’s irrational fears, a deeply moral issue. The play is incredibly Christian because the fear of witches and the Salem Witch Trials stems entirely from old Christian superstitions. John Proctor would be a good example of an allegorical character, representing a simple hardworking man caught between his love and his lust, who gains personal integrity when he refuses to lie, causing his death. 'I have trouble enough without I come five mile to hear him preach only hellfire and bloody damnation. Take it to heart, Mr. Parris. There are many others who stay away from church these days because you hardly ever mention God any more. Act 1, Scene 4, pg. 27”
1. motif
2. theme
3. a usually recurring salient thematic element (as in the arts) ; especially : a dominant idea or central theme
4. the general, overall message of the story that everything else revolves around
5. A stereotypical love story will have a theme revolving around the relationship between the couple and the emotional implications of the relationship.
6. In A Thousand Acres one of the central themes consists of the power relationship between the father Larry Cook and his three daughters. This can be shown in Chapter 1 when Ginny presents her father as always being bigger than everything around her.
1. mystery play
2. vernacular drama
3. The mystery plays, usually representing biblical subjects, developed from plays presented in Latin by churchmen on church premises and depicted such subjects as the Creation, Adam and Eve, the murder of Abel, and the Last Judgment.
4. Plays popular in the middle ages which were memorized and performed. They usually dealt with Christian subject matter and were inspired from Latin plays performed for the Church.
5. This term isn't that important
6.
1. narrative pace
2. word choice/ sentence structure
3. See other definition
4. The adding, reducing, or omitting of details in the story in order to further the overall effect on the reader and the desired focus of the story. Effects the speed at which the story seems to progress.
5. A movie tends to have a faster narrative pace than any book it might be based on because many details a book includes are left out in a movie and those parts that are kept usually are shortened. However, in a book a writer can afford to tediously describe the setting, the character, or the situation if they deem it having relevance to the story.
6. Those who dislike reading The Lord of The Rings generally argue that the story is told too slowly, which makes it boring to read. The precise details and the constant description causes some readers to fall asleep. It’s difficult to show the detail just one quote but try I shall. One example is where the character Tom Bombadil is introduced in The Fellowship of the Ring in chapter 5 (The House of Tom Bombadil). His background is described in much detail. ‘Mark my words, my friends: Tom was here before the river and the trees; Tom remembers the first raindrop and the first acorn. He made paths before the Big People, and saw the Little People arriving. He was here before the Kings and the graves and the Barrow-wights. When the Elves passed westward, Tom was here already, before the seas were bent. He knew the dark under the stars when it was fearless - before the Dark Lord came from Outside.'
1. ode
2. poetry
3. A lyric poem of some length, usually of a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal stanzaic structure.
4. a songlike poem generally written to someone/something in a formal structure with a meaningful or serious message.
5.
6. Ode to a Nightingale, by John Keats, a pretty self explanatory poem by the title, has a clear rhyme scheme and lyrical qualities with a focus on nature.
I cannot see what flowers are at my feet,
Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs,
But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet
Wherewith the seasonable month endows
(fifth stanza)
1. omniscient POV
2. Point of view
3. The third-person omniscient is a narrative mode in which both the reader and author observe the situation through an overarching godlike perspective that sees and knows everything that happens and everything the characters are thinking.
4. A perspective where the person telling the story knows everything and can go into any characters head to tell the story. The story isn’t limited to any one characters perspective.
5. If I was to write a story about all the animals in the rainforest and include at some point what multiple animals were doing, thinking, or saying, I would be writing in omniscient POV.
6. For lack of a better example, Lord of the Rings is written in omniscient POV. Perspectives constantly shift between the many characters to give a very rounded idea of the situation at hand. “He wished them good night, and they said no more; but Frodo could see in the lantern-light that the man was still eyeing them curiously. He was glad to hear the gate clang behind them, and they rode forward. He wondered why the man was so suspicious, and whether any one had been asking for news of a party of hobbits. Could it have been Gandalf? He might have arrived, while they were delayed in the Forest and the Downs. But there was something in the look and the voice of the gatekeeper that made him uneasy.
The man stared after the hobbits for a moment, and then he went back to his house. As soon as his back was turned, a dark figure climbed quickly in over the gate and melted into the shadows of the village street (pg. 148)”
1. onomatopoeia
2. word choice
3. a word or a grouping of words that imitates the sound it is describing
4. a word or a number of words usually used to resemble sounds of animals but can be used to imitate any sound
5. The cat purred loudly. Purring would be an example of onomatopoeia because it is imitating the sound a cat makes.
6. Faulkner creates onomatopoeia with the words “Chuck. Chuck. Chuck” (page 5). When one says/reads Chuck, the word sounds like the instrument hitting the wood.
1Biography
2 type of book
3 a written account of another person's life
4 a book about someone else
5 I wrote a news story about my mother it is a biography
6 Billie Holiday was one of the greatest jazz singers of the 1930s and 40s. She had a unique sound and style of singing that delivered intense emotion and conviction with every note.
1 black comedy
2 style of writing
3 comedies that employs morbid, gloomy, grotesque, or calamitous situations in its plot
4 rude humors
5 dead baby jokes
6 Major "King" Kong riding a nuclear bomb to oblivion, from the film Dr. Strangelove, or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb.
1 blank verse
2 type of poem
3 unrhymed verse, esp. the unrhymed iambic pentameter most frequently used in English dramatic, epic, and reflective verse
4 poems without rhyme
5 you are people that live a boring life
That needs less work from this horrible class
But likes to show improvement on the grade
Now get to work on that stupid project
6 You stars that reign'd at my nativity,
Whose influence hath allotted death and hell,
Now draw up Faustus like a foggy mist
Into the entrails of yon labouring clouds,
That when they vomit forth into the air,
My limbs may issue from their smoky mouths,
So that my soul may but ascend to Heaven.
(Doctor Faustus)
1 canon
2 grouping of works
3 a standard; criterion, any comprehensive list of books within a field
(The word "canon" originally meant the books which the Catholic Church officially chose to be included in the Bible; by extension, it means the authoritative "holy writ" of a fictional universe)
4 a grouping of works
5 Monty Python’s The Flying Circus
6 The use of "canon" to describe the degree to which a work adheres to the standards of its fictional world, appears to have originated amongst devotees of the Sherlock Holmes stories, as a way to distinguish between the original works of Arthur Conan Doyle and adaptations of those works or original works by other writers utilising related characters and settings
1 caricature
2 arts
3 a picture, description, etc., ludicrously exaggerating the peculiarities or defects of persons or things
4 any form of art exaggerating a feature of someone much like satire
5 the nose on the guys face was HUGE it was as large as a house
6
1 catharsis
2 arts
3 the purging of the emotions or relieving of emotional tensions, esp. through certain kinds of art, as tragedy or music
4 expressive art showing emotion
5 oh the horror the tragedy it is such a travesty I’m so appalled!
6 in Oedipus Rex, Oedipus finds out that he has killed his father and married his own mother. He the proceeds to gouge his eyes out with his dead mother's adornments
1 Causal relationship
2 plot
3 A logical connection or cause-effect linkage ascribed to the relationship between accomplishments/results and efforts to achieve them or between final results and their impact on the target beneficiaries. Generally the term refers to reliably plausible linkages
4 a relationship because it’s easier
5 two people hating each other but fighting together to survive
6 Cedric Diggory and Harry Potter working together during the games so that they both a have a chance at the cup
1 caesura
2 flow
3 a break, esp. a sense pause, usually near the middle of a verse, and marked in scansion by a double vertical line
4 a stop in the middle of a poem
5 there is a cat || but it is not alive
6 To err is human; || to forgive, divine.
(missing example of caricature will add asap)
1. Chorus
2. Play, character type
3. A group of singers and dancers who appear in classical Greek and Roman dramas to provide background information and exposition of action taking place offstage; also the songs or odes sung by the chorus. Ideas/questions of the people.
4. A group of actors who fill in the gaps throughout a play through song and dance.
5. A play includes a character with a terrible stutter-accent combo that makes it difficult for the audience to actually understand the dialogue. This character’s older brother later translates the unintelligible mumbles on stage as he writes in his journal with a dancing and singing ensemble surrounding him.
6. Thornton Wilder’s Our Town: The Stage Manager He sets up the stage, introduces the play, describes the setting, provides background information during the play, and sometimes steps into scenes to talk with the characters. In some ways, he resembles the chorus of an ancient Greek play or the omniscient narrator of a novel.
1. Climax
2. Point on plot line. Short story, novel, or play (found in many forms of narrative)
3. The point of highest interest or conflict in the plot of a short story, novel or play. A climactic arrangement of words and phrases in a sentence has the ideas occurring in an order of rising importance, with the most important item being the climax.
4. The point in a story to which all previous events build up and all resolutions follow.
5. A boy has been looking for his dog for days, has struggled through many a trial, and finally finds the dog at his grandmother’s house, resting peacefully on her hammock.
6. When Aladdin finally defeats massive, freakish Jafar, confining him to a tiny lamp, leaving things peaceful and cheery. Freedom!
1. Coherence
2. Any form of fiction; patterns throughout text
3. The logical relations among the ideas in a coherent text make it easy to outline. Texts which lack logical relations among the ideas can only be outlined with difficulty, if at all. For example, people who suffer from schizophrenia often exhibit abrupt changes in the focus of their speech, making it impossible to create an outline for it.
Coherence can be achieved in a number of different ways. Chief among these is by the repetition of key words, the use of synonyms, and pronoun reference. Parallelism is another means. Also, following the accepted patterns of organization for different modes of discourse helps readers predict what the writer will do or say next.
4. Clear organization and patterns throughout a piece.
5. Sally could jump really high. It was from that that she learned to fly. Up in the air, soaring, diving, plunging, she was quite fond of pure, blue sky. One day the plane went down, down, down, and the girl, she died. Sally could jump really high.
6. Found in MLK, Jr.’s “I Have A Dream” and “Letter From a Birmingham Jail” speeches.
1. Comedy of manners
2. Genre of fiction; satire
3. This genre has for its main subjects and themes the behavior and deportment of men and women living under specific social codes.
4. Satire that pokes fun at ridiculous social practices.
5. Story about the dramatic life of a spoiled American teenage girl who doesn’t get a pink Corvette for her 16th birthday.
6. “Rape of the Lock”
1. Comic relief
2. Tool (often dialogue) used in fiction, often tragedies
3. A comic scene or incident that a playwright inserts in a serious drama to relieve tension and to provide a contrast to the seriousness of the play
4. A moment when built up tension may be released, making clear the actual presence of the tension.
5. A girl readjusts her scrunched shorts, saying, “Woops, we don’t want that now do we?” The odd boy taking her picture says, “Well, I don’t mind.” The uncomfortable girl looks toward her friend next to her who says, “Awkward.”
6. The gravedigger scene in Hamlet, the speeches of Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet, and the Fool’s mockery in King Lear.
1. Confessional Poetry
2. Genre of poetry
3. It may be argued that much poetry, especially lyric poetry is ‘confessional’ in so far as it is a record of a poet’s state of mind and feelings and his vision of life. However some poems are more overtly self-revelatory, more detailed in their analytical exposition of pain, grief, tension and joy.
4. Poetry that gives a feeling of confessing one’s sins, expressing guilt
5. I feel so guilty, I stole a cookie
A cookie from the cookie jar.
My insides are exploding because I feel so terribly.
But I do not feel sorry; it was too good to feel sorry.
That’s why I am a terrible person.
6. W.D. Snodgrass’s Heart’s Needle: “Song”:
Observe the cautious toadstools
still on the lawn today
though they grow over-evening;
sun shrinks them away.
Pale and proper and rootless,
they righteously extort
their living from the living.
8 AP LIT TERMS
1. Imagery (noun)
2. Description
3. The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas
4. Using words to create a mental image
5. Her eyes were riveted on this maple leaf. The browns, oranges, and yellows were all a collage of her lifetime. (Or the rose is red with green thorns embedded on the stem of it.)
6. From Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome:
“About a mile farther, on a road I had never travelled, we came to an orchard of starved apple-trees writhing over a hillside among outcroppings of slate that nuzzled up through the snow like animals pushing out their noses to breathe.” (17).
Here this is an image of the country side as the narrator travels to Frome’s home.
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1. Implicit (adjective)
2. Theme
3. Potentially contained
4. Understood though not directly expressed
5. The manager talks to the workers saying that the floor is dirty. She her implicit confidence in her workers allow her to say the floor is dirty rather than directly telling a worker to clean the floor because the worker understands that it needs to be swept.
6. From the novel Candide by Voltaire:
“The Baron was one of the most powerful lords in Westphalia, for his castle had not only a gate, but windows. His great hall, even, was hung with tapestry. All the dogs of his farmyards formed a pack of hounds at need; his grooms were his huntsmen; and the curate of the village was his grand almoner. They called him “My Lord,” and laughed at all his stories.” (4).
This excerpt is implicit because it is implied that the baron really isn’t all that.
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1. Incongruity (noun)
2. Structure or style of the writing
3. lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness
4. Something that doesn’t fit with the body of the writing
5. A group of people are talking about the Civil Rights movement. A person decided to make a joke that is demeaning to African Americans. The joke is inappropriate with the discussion taken place.
6. From Faulkner’s As I lay Dying he goes from Jewel being very intimate and gentle with his horse, to being very violent with his horse:
“Jewel with dug heels, shutting off the horse’s wind with one hand, with the other patting the horse’s neck in short strokes myriad and caressing, cursing the horse with obscene ferocity.” (13).
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1. Indirect monologue (noun)
2. Point of View
3. when the author comments upon the thoughts of a character
4. When a character indirectly tells the reader about their thoughts or opinions
5. Katie and I always play together in the back yard. Every time the next door neighbors come over, Katie would never share any of her toys. She never really shares with anyone. That’s just the way she is.
The sentence in bold is an indirect monologue, as the opinion about Katie is being recognized.
6. In Ulysses by James Joyce:
“You dipped it in!” Mira exclaimed, looking at the swollen pancake floating in the water with utter astonishment. Such megalomania could only be expected from Mira.
The sentence in bold is an indirect monologue, as the opinion about Mira is being hinted by the writer (and quite boldly), not by any of the characters. The reader might not have judged till now that Mira has a huge ego, but when the writer so forcefully dictates it in a sentence, the reader, at once, starts to see her in that light.
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1. Internal rhyme (noun)
2. Structure
3. Rhyme that occurs within a line of verse
4. When there is a rhyme in within the lines
5. On the roads I see toads.
6. Edgar Allen Poe uses internal rhyme in “The Raven”
"Once upon a midnight DREARY, while I pondered weak and WEARY"
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1. Inversion (noun)
2. Rhetoric
3. Reversal of the usual or natural order of words in English
4. Using grammar in a different order
5. “Came the sunset.” Instead of saying “The sunset came.” I’m using the verb first then the noun.
6. Emily Dickinson was fond of arranging words outside of their familiar order. For example in "Chartless" she writes "Yet know I how the heather looks" and "Yet certain am I of the spot." Instead of saying "Yet I know" and "Yet I am certain" she reverses the usual order and shifts the emphasis to the more important words. In these lines she calls attention to the swiftness of her knowledge and the power of her certainty.
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1. Irony (noun)
2. Rhetoric
3. Irony is an implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant.
Three kinds of irony:
1. verbal irony is when an author says one thing and means something else.
2. dramatic irony is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know.
3. irony of situation (situational) is a discrepancy between the expected result and actual results.
4. Not really meaning what you’re actually saying.
5. “Yeah, you’re so pretty!” she muttered to herself. The fact that she muttered, she was actually saying the person wasn’t so pretty.
6. From Voltaire’s Candide: Candide's induction to the army, his escape to Holland (where he thinks things will get better), his meeting James the Anabaptist (along with a conversation about the irony of him being the one to help him), and what happens on the ship and once they arrive in Lisbon.
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1. Juxtaposition (noun)
2. Technique and style
3. an act or instance of placing close together or side by side
4. It’s when one theme or idea or person or whatever is paralleled to another (usually for contrast).
5. Comparing my chaotic life to my sister’s calm and peaceful life. If I wrote a book about my family, there would be juxtaposition in it because I’m having the theme of my life and my sister’s life in it.
6. For example, Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare has a wide range of strong juxtapositions:
• youth and old age;
• servants and nobles;
• love-sick Romeo and fiery Tybalt;
• the noisy public feast and the private whispers of the lovers;
• Romeo's infatuation and Juliet's wit;
• the old nurse and young Juliet; and so on.
Tragic Irony
1.Rhetorical device
2.the revealing to an audience of a tragic event or consequence that remains unknown to the character concerned.
3.the words and actions of the characters contradict what’s happening, the audience knows this.
4. I sold my soul to the devil so that my love could live and he ends up leaving me- remember Hercules.
5. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the audience knows that Juliet is in a drugged sleep, but Romeo thinks that she is actually dead and he kills himself. When Juliet wakes up she finds Romeo dead and kills herself.
Tricolon
1. Structure
2. Three parallel elements of the same length occurring together in a series.
3. three complete ideas with parallel structure, put in the same sentence.
4. I came; I saw; I conquered – Julius Ceaser
"I think we've all arrived at a very special place. Spiritually, ecumenically, grammatically."
(Captain Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean
5. Eat, love, pray. – Elizabeth Gilbert
Trochee
1.Strucuture
2. is a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one
3. alternate, stressed syllable first with unstressed. One long syllable, then a short syllable of the same stress then an unstressed syllable.
4. Tiger tiger burning light; in the forests of the night
Round about the cauldron go; In the poisoned entrails throw.
5. by John Suckling
why so pale and wan, fond lover?
Prithee, why so pale
Will, when looking well cant move her,
Looking ill prevail?
Understatement
1. Figure of speech
2. deliberately making a situation seem less important or serious than it is.
3. under exaggerate a serious event, sarcasm
4. Mrs. Smith found out about her husband’s affair, so she just slit his throat.
Helen of Troy was not a bad looking woman; Hercules wasn’t exactly a weakling.
5. From J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye. "I have to have this operation . . .. It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain."
Unity
1. structure
2. Posses quality of unity has an internal logic of structure, each part being independent; the work is free of any element which might distract attention from its main purpose.
3. A work is nor taken away from perfection or main idea.
4. Julia writes an essay that is related to the thesis statement. The thesis is inclusive enough with no more directions to be found.
5. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.'s essay The Crisis of American Masculinity
What has happened to the American male? For a long time, he seemed utterly confident in his manhood, sure of his masculine role in society, easy and definite in his sense of sexual identity. The frontiersmen of James Fenimore Cooper, for example, never had any concern about masculinity; they were men, and it did not occur to them to think twice about it. Even well into the twentieth century, the heroes of Dreiser, of Fitzgerald, of Hemingway remain men. But one begins to detect a new theme emerging in some of these authors, especially in Hemingway: the theme of the male hero increasingly preoccupied with proving his virility to himself. And by mid-century, the male role had plainly lost its rugged clarity of outline. Today men are more and more conscious of maleness not as a fact but as a problem. The ways by which American men affirm their masculinity are uncertain and obscure. There are multiplying signs, indeed, that something has gone badly wrong with the American male's conception of himself.
Verbal irony
1. Rhetorical Device
2. The speaker intends to be understood as meaning something that contradicts the literal or usual meaning of what he says.
3. Saying something but not actually meaning it, saying the opposite of what you mean.
4. Julia worked hard all semester on her Ap. Lit test, she truly tried her best, working extra hours to learn the concepts as well as get a good grade. After taking the test she didn’t do as great as she expected. Then the encouraging Mr. Decker tells her, Julia you worked really hard, you are showing great improvement and understanding, there is always a next time, but sorry I cannot give you an A. Julia rolls her eyes and says, “Oh, That’s great, I’m so lucky I’m learning so much.”
5. In Sophie’s world, Sophie comes up with the idea of hanging out with her friend, Joana, who has been feeling that Sophie is changing. So she’s really not looking forward to hang out with Sophie.
“We have to make a very special arrangement”
“it’s rather problematic,” Sophie went on
“Spit it out” [said Joana]
“I’m going to have to tell mom that im staying the night here”
“Great!”
Vernacular
1. Structure
Form Def the plain variety of language of language in everyday use by ordinary people
2. The way you talk with your buds. OMG, LOL, LMAO, wud up; the way you talk with your buddies in your culture; the way you don’t write an Ap. Lit essay. The common language of a people; think ebonics or the southern speech.
4. I’m finna go to work; Where he be; where u at;
5. Kathleen Jaime uses her Irish common language to write her poem, Ngugi wa Thiongo uses imagery common to Kenyans.
Skeins o Geese by Kathleen Jaime
Skeins o geese write a word
across the sky. A word
struck lik a gong
afore I wis born.
The sky moves like cattle, lowin.
Ngugi wa Thiongo – I will marry you when I want
I wouldn't mind, son of Gathoni,
If after selling away our labor,
Our village benefited.
But look now at this village!
There is no property, there is no wealth
AP Lit Terms: Michaela Antolak
A. 1. Antithesis
2. Plot or characters.
3. Balancing word, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure.
4. Contrary or contrasted ideas.
5. You say that you will go there, but you will not.
6. “The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.” Abraham Lincoln: Gettysburg Address.
B. 1. Apostrophe
2. Plot.
3. Calling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstracted idea.
4. An absent person or abstract idea is directly stated.
5.Grandma, how i wish you were here. I really could use your help right now.
6. O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth,
That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!
Thou art the ruins of the noblest man
That ever lived in the tide of times.
- Shakespeare, Julius Caesar 3.1.254-2
C. 1. Archetype (aka prototype)
2. Character Types.
3. The original model or pattern from which copies are made or from which something develops.
4. Characters that follow an original model.
5.The mad scientist would not stop until hs creation was finished and perfect.
6. Romeo and Juliet: star-crossed lovers. Victor Frankenstein: mad scientist.
D. 1. Argumentation
2. Rhetoric device.
3. The process of developing or presenting an argument.
4. Reasoning or arguing.
E. 1. Aside
2. Type of dialogue.
3. Words spoken that are not heard by others on stage and intended only for the audience.
4. Words that a character says that is only meant for the audience to hear.
5. Jason: I cannot believe that we did that. We could have been killed!
Sam: Well, I knew I would be able to jump that hedge, so I didn’t care if someone saw me.
You were also with me. [Aside] I wanted him to be caught. He is soooo annoying.
[To Jason] At least we got what we were coming for.
Jason: Yeah. Those jewels are going to get us a lot of money.
6. Macbeth has aside where he talks but no one on stage hears him, but the audience is meant to hear: “Glamis, and Thane of Cawdor! The greatest is behind.” Act 1 Scene 3 Line 117.
F. 1. Assonance (aka Vowel Rhyme)
2. Rhyme Scheme
3. Rhyme in which the same vowel sounds are used with different consonants in the stressed syllables of the rhyming words.
4. Create a rhyme scheme using same vowel sounds in a sentence/phrase.
5.The cat sat on the man's lap.
6. “Hear the mellow wedding bells.” - Edgar Allan Poe: “The Bells”
G. 1. Autobiography
2. Type of literature
3. A history of a person’s life written or told by that person.
4. A person’s life told/written by that same person.
5. I was born in El Paso, TX in 1936. My mother died in childbirth so my father had to raise me. He taught me how to farm and build. In the summers, I helped my father build homes in town. When I turned 25 my father died and I took over the family business of building homes for the town’s people.
6. In Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, in the middle of the book, the Monster tells his autobiography of his miserable life to Victor Frankenstein. "There was non among the myriads of men that existed who would pity or assist me; and should I feel kindness towards my enemies? No: from that moment I declared everlasting war against the species, and, more than all, against him who had formed me and sent me forth to this insupportable misery." – The Monster.
H. 1. Balance : Thanks Mr. Decker!
By Danielle
Fiction
Genre
Literature in the form of pros that describes imaginary events and people.
A made up story :)
Once there was an elephant named Tom. Tom decided one day that he would try to learn how to take a bath with his trunk. He tried and tried, but he just couldn’t seem to get it right. Then, finally, after much choking and frustration, Tom gracefully sucked water up his nose, and strategically sprayed it over his back. The end.
From As I lay Dying by Faulkner: “My mother is a fish.” Poor Vardaman, he’s so lost and he just wants his mom.
Figure of speech
Metaphor, Literary technique
A word o phrase used in a non-literal sense to add rhetorical force to a spoken or written passage.
A phrase that isn’t meant literally
NO! Don’t kick a bucket! I meant DIE you old hag!
From Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton: “...and Frome’s heart, which had swung out over a black void, trembled back to safety.” Ethan’s heart didn’t actually do this.
1.Flat
Character description
Lacking interest or emotion, dull and lifeless
A flat character is cliché and boring, with no special personality traits
This is Bob. He is a normal middle class, middle age male, who can’t always get it up. (Sorry, that’s probably mildly inappropriate.)
From Turn of the Screw by Henry James: “She figured him as rich, but as fearfully extravagant-saw him all in a glow of high fashion, of good looks, of expensive habits, of charming ways with women.” Ugh, gag. The guy is the classic romantic description of a man who is broken and lost, therefore turning to women and gambling, then meets a girl different from all of the other ones, falls in love, and is a changed man.
1.Foil Character
Character Description
The foil character contrasts with a main character (usually the protagonist) and therefore highlights the various facets of that character’s personality.
An opposite.
The beaver was happy, hard working, and good. The badger was territorial, grumpy, and lazy!
From Ethan Frome: “...she stood up, tall and angular, one hand drawing a quilted counterpane to her flat breast, while the other held a lamp. The light...drew out of the darkness her puckered throat and the projecting wrist of the hand that clutched the quilt...” (that was zeena’s description) “She stood just as Zeena had stood...it drew out with the same distinctness her slim young throat and the brown wrist no bigger than a child’s. Then, striking upward, it threw a lustrous fleck on her lips, edged her eyes with velvet shade...” (that was Mattie’s... enough said?)
Foot
Structure
A basis of meter, a regular unit of rhythm which, when repeated, makes up a verse.
Like iambic pentameter, ABA BAB, and all of the other ones we’ve learned
Wow the sun is bright, Good it does not appear at night
WS: I have been one aquatinted with the night
Walked out in rain- and back in rain
I have outwalked the furthest city light
Forshadowing
Literary element/technique
A warning or indication of a future event.
An often unfortunate foretold event
We were siting in the living room when suddenly I heard a big bang. I decided to ignore it, dismissing it as the neighbor’s cat or something, not following my intuition to inquire further.
From Ethan Frome: “...Ethan alternately burned with the desire to see Mattie defy her and trembled with fear of the result.” Ethan “knew” that they couldn’t live happily and peacefull with all three of them, and some conflict was going to happen. It foreshadows the tragic ending.
Free Verse
Structure
A form of writing with no pattern.
The best form of writing, a free thinking neo-technique
Free spirit means
deciding for yourself
WS: We grow accustomed to the dark-
When light is put away
Genre
Categorizing Literature
A category of an artistic composition.
A way of organizing works of literature, film, etc. into categories regarding their subject.
The story I Need Food is in the genre of tragic drama
The story As I lay Dying is, for some crazy reason, in the genre of classic literature.
(SORRY! my numbers won't copy/paste...ugh)
I thought Shakespearean sonnets were ABAB CDCD EFEF GG...
Absolutely, AP. Was it listed incorrectly somewhere?
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